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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: ''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes'') and its variants were the highest awards in the military of the Third Reich. Recipients are grouped by grades of the Knight's Cross. Within each grade the recipients are ordered chronologically. An exception is the lowest grade, here the recipients are ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded. Broken out into sub lists are the recipients of the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, one list for every year between 1940 and 1945 the award was presented. Also listed separately are the alphabetical lists of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients. The foreign recipients of the Knight's Cross and the foreign recipients of the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves are listed separately as well.
The last legal presentation of the Knight's Cross, in any of its grades, had to be made before 23:01 Central European Time 8 May 1945, the time when the German surrender became effective. A number of presentations were made after this date, the last on 17 June 1945. These late presentations are considered ''de facto'' but not ''de jure'' awards. In 1986, the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) acknowledged 7,321 presentations made to the members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht—the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)—as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Reich Labour Service) and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 recipients in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich for a total of 7,364 recipients.〔Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 113–460, 483, 485–487, 492, 494, 498–499, 501, 503, 509.〕 Analysis of the German Federal Archives revealed evidence for 7,161 officially—''de facto'' and ''de jure''—bestowed recipients, including one additional presentation previously unidentified by the AKCR.〔 The AKCR names 890 recipients of the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross, including the eight recipients who served in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich. The German Federal Archives do not substantiate 27 of these Oak Leaves recipients. The Swords to the Knight's Cross were awarded 160 times according to the AKCR, among them the posthumous presentation to the Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, 13 of which cannot be supported by the German Federal Archives. The Diamonds to the Knight's Cross were awarded 27 times, all of which are verifiable in the German Federal Archives. The final grade, the Golden Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross was verifiably awarded once to Hans-Ulrich Rudel on 29 December 1944.
==Background==
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, ドイツ語:''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573'' of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (ドイツ語:''Eisernes Kreuz''), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (ドイツ語:''Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes''). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.〔
〕 As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment ドイツ語:''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849'' of 3 June 1940. In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment ドイツ語:''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613'' of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (ドイツ語:''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern'') and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (ドイツ語:''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten''). At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (ドイツ語:''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten''), based on the enactment ドイツ語:''Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11'' of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.
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